br Medicine and at the Pundang CHA Hospital Kyonggi do

Medicine and at the Pundang CHA Hospital (Kyonggi–do)
Case control study among women visited for routine
187 cervical cancer screen at the Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology in Seoul National University Hospital
Cohort study (population–based survey) in Busan
Hwang HS, Cancer Epidemiol Cross–sectional study among consecutive women visited
Biomarkers Prev 2004; 13: at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Inha
Shin HR, J Infect Dis 2004; 190: Cross–sectional survey among subjects from 3 institutions
468 of higher education: DB College; D University, and the
Lee HS, Int J Gynecol Cancer Institute for Continuing Education (Busan) (2002)
Cohort study among women referred to the Department
2007; 17: 497b of Gynecologic Oncology at Chonnam National University
Cohort study among women attending cervical cancer
75 screening at the National Cancer Center (Seoul)
Cohort study for Cycloheximide hospital–based cervical cancer
Oh JK, Eur J Cancer Prev 2009; Cross–sectional survey study among women participating
18: 56b in The National Cervical Cancer Screening Program
Cohort study among women visited for routine cervical
Gynecology of Chonnam National University Hospital
Cross–sectional (population based) study among women
116: 932b,c visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College
of Medicine (Seoul) for a regular medical checkup
Cross sectional study among clinical samples collected at
Lee HP, J Med Virol 2011; 83: Case control study among women visited for cervical
(continued on next page) 
Reference Study design HPV detection and targeted HPVs Age range N Prevalence "any 5 most frequent reported HPVs
(years)
Hwang Y, Ann Lab Med 2012; Cross–sectional study among women visited at the
32: 201c gynecology clinic at Ewha Womans University Mokdong
Case–control (hospital based) study among women
Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center
Cross–sectional study among women visited at the
Cross–sectional study among women visited at the
Department of Gynecologic Oncology at Saint Vincent
Hospital of the Catholic University of Korea (Kyungki–do)
Cross–sectional study among residual samples after
1645 Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at the Medical
Retrospective cross–sectional study among women visited
Gangnam Center (Seoul) for routine health check–up
Cross–sectional study among women visited at the Total
Case–control study among women referred for cervical HC2
1909 cancer screening at the KonKuk Medical Center (Seoul)
Cross–sectional study among women attending Dankook
20: 74c visited Gangnam Severance Hospital (Seoul) for general
Cohort study among cervico–vaginal smear samples from
142: 1579c the female participants in the Healthy Twin Study at
Samsung Medical Center (Seoul), Busan Paik Hospital
(Busan), and Dankook University Hospital (Cheonan)
Retrospective case control study among women attending
Hospital and Yangsan Pusan National University Hospital
Cohort study among women examined at a health
(continued on next page) 
Study design Retrospective cross–sectional study among women attending Health Promotion Centers for cervical cancerscreenin13Koreancities(2014–2015). Retrospective cross–sectional study among women attending 7 centres nationwide from a private KoreanMedicalInstituteforginecologicalexamination.SpecimensanddatafromKoreaUniversityGuroHospital((2014–2016). Table 1 (continued) Reference Nah EH, Ann Lab Med 2017;37:426 Ouh YT, J Gynecol Oncol. 2018; b29(1):e14 
d Type specific prevalence for HR HPV. c Women from the general population, including some with cytological cervical abnormalities. b Any HPV prevalence and type specific prevalence for HR HPV. a Only type specific prevalence for these HR HPV. The samples for HPV testing come from cervical specimens (fresh/fixed biopsies or exfoliated cells) “HPV”: Human papillomavirus; “95% CI”: 95% Confidence Interval; “N”: number of women tested. 
This meta-analysis confirmed HPV16 as the most frequently de-tected genotype in all stages of the disease. The strong enrichment in HPV16 prevalence (6.0% in normal cytology, 20.0% in low-grade cer-vical lesions, 40.6% in high-grade cervical lesions and 53.2% in cervical cancer) confirms its higher carcinogenic potential compared to other HPV types [19]. Even though, differences are observed among in-dividual studies (Table 2).
3.3. Cervical cancer
3.3.1. Incidence and mortality rates
Cervical cancer age-specific incidence uniformly increases with age in Korea, with 74.8% of cases reported in women aged 30–64 in 2015 [1]. By contrast, although cervical cancer mortality increases with age, the peak in mortality is observed among women older than 50 years (80.0% of cases in 2015) (Fig. 1).